Welcome to Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge! This area of South Dakota is in the heart of the prairie–pothole region of the northern Great Plains and plays a major role for migratory birds associated with the Central Flyway. Located in north-central South Dakota, these lands and waters are vitally important to the nation’s migratory bird populations. Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge was designated a Globally Important Bird Area by the American Bird Conservancy and a Wetland of International Importance.
Sand Lake NWR Migration Report

Please note that migration reports will only be posted as significant changes in the number of birds occur, which means the Refuge office might not post a weekly migration update. Local conditions like the amount of open water, water levels, forage availability, and crop harvest around the Refuge greatly influence the number of birds on the Refuge, so when major changes happen the migration report will be updated.

Migration Report for 11/14/2024

Most waterfowl are still using the part of the Refuge south of SD HWY 10.

Ducks:  around 20,000 mallards were observed with much smaller numbers of gadwall, pintail, green-wing teal and shovelers.  Some diver ducks were also observed with the majority of them being scaup.

Geese:  around 75,000 snow geese were observed on the refuge along with about 40,000 white-fronted geese.  There are still Canada geese on the refuge and numbers are estimated at just a few thousand.

Swans:  Over 300 swans were observed.

Cranes:  approximately 100 cranes were observed using the refuge and surrounding cropland.

The best viewing opportunities are from the outlook/pullout on SD HWY 10 or the wildlife viewing autoroute on the west side of the Refuge. As a reminder, the wildlife viewing tour loop is only open south of SD HWY 10 and will close on November 1st. As always, we ask visitors to remain on the designated roads. Dry and windy conditions have been common in the last month so please be cautious while visiting Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge)

Visit Us

This 21,498-acre refuge includes Sand Lake, a 11,450-acre lake created by the last ice age. Each spring and fall, thousands of waterfowl and other waterbirds migrate through this region, taking advantage of the food found in the nutrient-laden wetlands. The wetland management district wetland management district
A wetland management district is a U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service office that manages waterfowl production areas in one or more counties. Waterfowl production areas are small natural wetlands and grasslands that provide breeding, resting and nesting habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds, grassland birds and other wildlife. The Fish and Wildlife Service acquires waterfowl production areas under the authority of the Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act, primarily using funds from the sale of Federal Duck Stamps. The Refuge System’s 38 wetland management districts comprise thousands of waterfowl production areas – almost all in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains.

Learn more about wetland management district
, which includes 8 north central South Dakota counties, is comprised of 43,000 acres of Waterfowl Production Areas. Since waterfowl production area waterfowl production area
Waterfowl production areas are small natural wetlands and grasslands within the National Wildlife Refuge System that provide breeding, resting and nesting habitat for millions of waterfowl, shorebirds, grassland birds and other wildlife. Virtually all waterfowl production areas are in the Prairie Pothole Region states of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota.

Learn more about waterfowl production area
lands are purchased with outdoor enthusiasts' dollars, they are managed so that the public may use them for a variety of activities. These include hunting, hiking, photography, wildlife observation, outdoor education, and interpretation.

Location and Contact Information

      2024 Hunting Season Dates & Regulations

      Click HERE for more information regarding hunting seasons and regulations on Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge. 


       


       

      About Us

      The marshes and open water impoundments of the refuge are surrounded by prairie grasslands, cultivated fields, and scattered woodlands along the James River. The wetlands, marshes, open lakes, and grasslands of the refuge are home to more than 266 bird species, 40 mammal species, and a variety of fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. Fall migrations of snow geese may reach peaks of 500,000 individuals, whereas the spring migration has been documented at more than 1.2 million. In addition, more than 123 different bird species nest and raise their young on the refuge.

      What We Do

      Wildlife conservation is at the heart of the National Wildlife Refuge System. The Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge serves as a breeding and resting ground for migratory birds of all types. Providing quality habitat helps the refuge meet these needs. 

      Our Organization

      A bright blue sky obstructed by fluffy white clouds reflected off of a stream shot from inside a kayak
      The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages an unparalleled network of public lands and waters called the National Wildlife Refuge System. With more than 570 refuges spanning the country, this system protects iconic species and provides some of the best wildlife viewing opportunities on Earth.

      Projects and Research