[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 185 (Tuesday, September 24, 2013)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 58507-58510]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2013-22879]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
50 CFR Part 17
[Docket No. FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0051; 450 003 0115]
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on
a Petition To List 10 Sturgeon Species as Endangered or Threatened
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of petition finding and initiation of status review.
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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce a
90-day finding on a petition to list 10 sturgeon species as endangered
or threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended
(Act). Based on our review, we find that the petition presents
substantial scientific and commercial information indicating that the
petitioned action may be warranted. Therefore, with the publication of
this notice, we are initiating a review of the status of these species
to determine if listing these 10 species is warranted. To ensure that
this status review is comprehensive, we request scientific and
commercial data and other information regarding these species. At the
conclusion of this review, we will issue a 12-month finding on the
petition, as provided in section 4(b)(3)(B) of the Act.
DATES: To allow us adequate time to conduct this review, we request
that we receive information on or before November 25, 2013. After this
date, you must submit information directly to the office listed in the
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section below. Please note that we may
not be able to address or incorporate information that we receive after
the above requested date.
ADDRESSES: You may submit information by one of the following methods:
Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal:
http://www.regulations.gov. In the Search field, enter Docket No. FWS-
HQ-ES-2013-0051, which is the docket number for this action. Then click
on the Search button. You may submit a comment by clicking on ``Comment
Now!'' If your comments will fit in the provided comment box, please
use this feature of http://www.regulations.gov, as it is most
compatible with our comment review procedures. If you attach your
comments as a separate document, our preferred file format is Microsoft
Word. If you attach multiple comments (such as form letters), our
preferred format is a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel.
By Hard Copy: U.S. mail or hand-delivery: Public Comments
Processing, Attn: FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0051, Division of Policy and
Directives Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 4401 N. Fairfax
Drive, MS 2042-PDM; Arlington, VA 22203.
We will not accept comments by email or fax. We will post all
comments on http://www.regulations.gov. This generally means that we
will post any personal information you provide us (see the Information
Requested section, below, for more information).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Janine Van Norman, Chief, Branch of
Foreign Species, Endangered Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Room 420, Arlington, VA 22203;
telephone 703-358-2171; facsimile 703-358-1735. If you use a
telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal
Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 800-877-8339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Information Requested
For the status review to be complete and based on the best
available scientific and commercial information,
[[Page 58508]]
we request information on 10 sturgeon species (see list in Table 1,
below) from government agencies (including foreign national and
provincial governments within the range of each of these species), the
scientific community, industry, and any other interested parties. We
seek information on:
(1) Each species' biology, range, and population trends, including:
(a) Habitat requirements for feeding, breeding, and sheltering;
(b) Genetics and taxonomy;
(c) Historical and current range, including distribution patterns,
particularly regarding their seasonal migrations;
(d) Historical and current population levels, and current and
projected population trends;
(e) Potential threats to each species such as harvest or other
threats not identified; and
(f) Past and ongoing conservation measures for each species or its
habitat.
(2) The factors that are the basis for making a listing
determination for a species or subspecies under section 4(a) of the Act
(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), which are:
(a) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of their habitat or range;
(b) Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or
educational purposes, particularly data on hunting;
(c) Disease or predation;
(d) The inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; or
(e) Other natural or manmade factors affecting their continued
existence.
(3) The potential effects of climate change on each species and its
habitat.
Please include sufficient information with your submission (such as
full references) to allow us to verify any scientific or commercial
information you include. Submissions merely stating support for or
opposition to the action under consideration without providing
supporting information, although noted, will not be considered in
making a determination. Section 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act directs that
determinations as to whether any species is an endangered or threatened
species must be made ``solely on the basis of the best scientific and
commercial data available.''
You may submit your information concerning this status review by
one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES section. If you submit
information via http://www.regulations.gov, your entire submission--
including any personal identifying information--will be posted on the
Web site. If you submit a hard copy that includes personal identifying
information, you may request at the top of your document that we
withhold this personal identifying information from public review.
However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so. We will
post all hard copy submissions on http://www.regulations.gov.
Information and supporting documentation that we received and used
in preparing this finding will be available to review at http://www.regulations.gov, or you may make an appointment during normal
business hours at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Endangered
Species Program, Branch of Foreign Species (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
CONTACT).
Background
Section 4(b)(3)(A) of the Act requires that we make a finding on
whether a petition to list, delist, or reclassify a species presents
substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the
petitioned action may be warranted. We are to base this finding on
information provided in the petition, supporting information submitted
with the petition, and information otherwise available in our files. To
the maximum extent practicable, we are to make this finding within 90
days of our receipt of the petition and publish our notice of the
finding promptly in the Federal Register.
Our standard for substantial scientific or commercial information
within the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) with regard to a 90-day
petition finding is ``that amount of information that would lead a
reasonable person to believe that the measure proposed in the petition
may be warranted'' (50 CFR 424.14(b)). If we find that substantial
scientific or commercial information was presented, we are required to
promptly initiate a species status review, which we subsequently
summarize in our 12-month finding.
Petition History
On March 12, 2012, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
received a petition dated March 8, 2012, from WildEarth Guardians and
Friends of Animals to list as endangered or threatened under the Act
the following 15 sturgeon species: Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser
naccarii); Baltic sturgeon (A. sturio); Russian sturgeon (A.
gueldenstaedtii); ship sturgeon (A. nudiventris); Persian sturgeon (A.
persicus); stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus); Siberian sturgeon (A.
baerii); Yangtze sturgeon (A. dabryanus); Chinese sturgeon (A.
sinensis); Sakhalin sturgeon (A. mikadoi); Amur sturgeon (A.
schrenckii); Kaluga sturgeon (Huso dauricus); Syr Darya sturgeon
(Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi); dwarf sturgeon (P. hermanni); and
Amu Darya sturgeon (P. kaufmanni). The petition states that all 15
petitioned sturgeon species are affected by similar threats, which are
primarily: Both legal and illegal harvest for meat and/or roe; habitat
loss and degradation including dams or dam construction, and water
pollution. The petition is available at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/petitions/sturgeon15_petition2012.pdf.
NMFS acknowledged receipt of this petition in a letter dated April
14, 2012, and informed the petitioners that NMFS would determine, under
section 4 of the Act, whether the petition presents substantial
scientific or commercial information indicating that the petitioned
action may be warranted. Although the petition was initially sent to
NMFS, as a result of subsequent discussions between NMFS and the
Service regarding the August 28, 1974, Memorandum of Understanding
pertaining to ``Jurisdictional Responsibilities and Listing Procedures
Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973,'' we have determined that 10
of the 15 petitioned sturgeon species are within the jurisdiction of
the Service. Therefore, in April 2012, the Service notified WildEarth
Guardians that we have jurisdiction over the 10 sturgeon species,
listed below, that are the subject of this 90-day finding.
This 90-day finding considers whether the petitioned action may be
warranted for the following 10 sturgeon species included in the
petition: Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), Yangtze sturgeon (A.
dabryanus), Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii), ship sturgeon (A.
nudiventris), Persian sturgeon (A. persicus), Amur sturgeon (A.
schrenckii), stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), Syr-Darya sturgeon
(Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi), dwarf sturgeon (P. hermanni), and
the Amu Darya sturgeon (P. kaufmanni). The best available information
regarding the current ranges and population trends is summarized in
Table 1, below.
[[Page 58509]]
Table 1--List of Species in This 90-Day Finding
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Species IUCN Status Population trend Current range
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Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Endangered............. Decreasing............. China; Kazakhstan;
Mongolia; Russia.
Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. China.
dabryanus).
Russian sturgeon (Acipenser Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Azerbaijan; Bulgaria;
gueldenstaedtii). Georgia; Iran;
Kazakhstan; Moldova;
Romania; Russia;
Serbia; Turkey;
Turkmenistan; Ukraine.
Ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris) Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Azerbaijan; Georgia;
Hungary; Iran;
Kazakhstan; Russia;
Serbia; Turkey.
Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Iran, Kazakhstan,
Russia, Turkey.
Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. China; Russia.
Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Azerbaijan; Bulgaria;
stellatus). Iran; Kazakhstan;
Moldova; Romania;
Russia; Serbia;
Turkey; Turkmenistan;
Ukraine.
Syr Darya sturgeon Critically Endangered.. Unknown................ Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,
(Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi). Uzbekistan.
Dwarf sturgeon (Pseudoscaphirhynchus Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Afghanistan,
hermanni). Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan.
Amu Darya sturgeon Critically Endangered.. Decreasing............. Turkmenistan,
(Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni). Uzbekistan.
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Introduction
These 10 sturgeon species are either anadromous (spend part of
their lives in salt water and return to rivers to breed) or live solely
in fresh water. Many sturgeon species are prized for their roe, which
is made into caviar. The primary factors indicated in the petition as
affecting these species include overharvest and damming of rivers,
which affect the continued survival of all the petitioned sturgeon with
the exception, at least at present, of those in the Amur River basin.
In 1997, Parties to the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) agreed to include
all sturgeon species not already in the CITES Appendices in Appendix
II. The listing became effective in April 1998. All 10 species of
sturgeon in this finding were included in CITES Appendix II at that
time. Pursuant to Article II, paragraph 2(a) of CITES, Appendix II
includes species that are not necessarily threatened now with
extinction, but may become so unless trade in specimens of such species
is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization
incompatible with their survival. In addition, Appendix II also
includes species that may be listed due to their similarity in
appearance with other species that are regulated under the treaty
(CITES Article II 2(b)). Some of the 10 species of sturgeon in this
finding were listed in accordance with the CITES criteria under
paragraph 2(a) of Article II, while others were listed based upon the
similarity of appearance provision.
CITES is a multinational agreement between governments. CITES
Parties (signatory countries) regulate and monitor international trade
in CITES-listed species (that is, their import, export, and re-export)
through a system of permits and certificates. CITES lists species in
one of three appendices--Appendix I, II, or III.
Evaluation of Information for a 90-Day Finding on a Petition
Section 4 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533) and its implementing
regulations at 50 CFR 424 set forth the procedures for adding a species
to, or removing a species from, the Federal Lists of Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife and Plants. A species may be determined to be an
endangered or threatened species due to one or more of the five factors
described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act:
(A) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of its habitat or range;
(B) Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or
educational purposes;
(C) Disease or predation;
(D) The inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; or
(E) Other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued
existence.
In making this 90-day finding, we evaluated whether information
regarding threats to each species, as presented in the petition and
other information available in our files, is substantial, thereby
indicating that the petitioned action may be warranted. Our evaluation
of this information is presented in Appendix A. in Docket No. FWS-HQ-
ES-2013-0051 on http://www.regulations.gov.
Finding
On the basis of our review under section 4(b)(3)(A) of the Act, we
determine that the petition presents substantial scientific or
commercial information indicating that listing these 10 sturgeon
species as endangered or threatened may be warranted. This finding is
based on information provided in the petition regarding the five
factors: The present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of its habitat or range (Factor A); overutilization for
commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes (Factor
B); disease and predation (Factor C); the inadequacy of existing
regulatory mechanisms (Factor D); and other natural or manmade factors
affecting the species' continued existence (Factor E).
The primary factors identified in the petition as affecting these
species are dams constructed within their range that fragment their
habitat (Factor A); pollution that causes health and reproduction
issues (Factor A); severe levels of overharvest (Factor B); and the
inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms (Factor D) to address
those threats. The petitioners also note that all of the petitioned
species are affected by more than one factor (Petition, p. 50).
These species occur in several countries, and the factors affecting
these species are complex and interrelated. Because we have found that
the petition presents substantial information indicating that listing
these 10 sturgeon species may be warranted, we are initiating a status
review to determine whether listing these 10 sturgeon species under the
Act as endangered or threatened is warranted.
The ``substantial information'' standard for a 90-day finding
differs from the Act's ``best scientific and commercial data
available'' standard
[[Page 58510]]
that applies to a 12-month finding (status review) as to whether a
petitioned action is warranted. A 90-day finding is not a status
assessment of the species and does not constitute a status review under
the Act. In a 12-month finding, we will determine whether a petitioned
action is warranted after we have completed a thorough status review of
the species, which is conducted following a substantial 90-day finding.
Because the Act's standards for 90-day and 12-month findings are
different, as described above, a substantial 90-day finding does not
mean that the 12-month finding will result in a warranted finding.
References Cited
A complete list of all references cited in this 90-day finding is
available on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No.
FWS-HQ-ES-2013-0051 or upon request from the Branch of Foreign Species,
Endangered Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (see FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
Author
The primary author of this finding is Amy Brisendine, Branch of
Foreign Species, Endangered Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service.
Authority
The authority for this action is the Endangered Species Act of
1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Dated: September 9, 2013.
Stephen D. Guertin,
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. 2013-22879 Filed 9-23-13; 8:45 am]
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