Species that are considered uncertain risk need a more in-depth assessment beyond the Risk Summary to better define the species’ risk to U.S. environments.

Cyprinus rubrofuscus, the Koi, is a freshwater carp species native to eastern Asia. Although domesticated Koi are often known by the scientific name Cyprinus carpio, also known as Common Carp, Koi are more likely bred from wild Cyprinus rubrofuscus. Domesticated Koi are bred for many highly ornamental characteristics and are available in shades of gold, silver, white, orange, and black. C. rubrofuscus has been widely introduced outside of its native range. It is not clear what impacts it is having where introduced, so the history of invasiveness is classified as “none documented.” This species is reported to have negative impacts in New Zealand, but the evidence is either anecdotal or any impacts of C. rubrofuscus are confounded with the impacts of other nonnative species. This species has a very high climate match with the contiguous United States; however, confidence in the results of the climate matching analysis is reduced because it could not be determined which occurrence points represented domesticated fish and which were feral. Certainty of this assessment is low. The overall risk assessment category is Uncertain.