[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 234 (Tuesday, December 6, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 87951-87954]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-29190]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service
[FWS-R8-ES-2016-N127; FF08EVEN00-FXFR1337088SSO0]
Marine Mammal Protection Act; Stock Assessment Report for the
Southern Sea Otter in California
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of availability; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: In accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972,
as amended, and its implementing regulations, we, the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (Service), have developed a draft revised marine
mammal stock assessment report (SAR) for the southern sea otter stock
in the State of California. We now make the draft SAR available for
public review and comment.
DATES: We will consider comments that are received or postmarked on or
before March 6, 2017.
ADDRESSES: If you wish to review the draft revised SAR for southern sea
otter, you may obtain a copy from our Web site at http://www.fws.gov/ventura. Alternatively, you may contact the Ventura Fish and Wildlife
Office, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003 (telephone: 805-
644-1766). If you wish to comment on the SAR, you may submit your
comments in writing by any one of the following methods:
U.S. mail: Field Supervisor, at the above address;
Hand delivery: Ventura Fish and Wildlife Office at the
above address;
Fax: 805-644-3958; or
Email: fw8ssostock@fws.gov.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lilian Carswell, at the above street
address, by telephone (805-612-2793), or by email
(Lilian_Carswell@fws.gov).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We announce the availability for review and
comment of a draft revised marine mammal stock assessment report (SAR)
for the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) stock in the State
of California.
Background
Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended (MMPA;
16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.), and its implementing regulations in the Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR part 18, we regulate the taking;
import; and, under certain conditions, possession; transportation;
purchasing; selling; and offering for sale, purchase, or export, of
marine mammals. One of the MMPA's goals is to ensure that stocks of
marine mammals occurring in waters under U.S. jurisdiction do not
experience a level of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is
likely to cause the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable
population level (OSP). OSP is defined under the MMPA as ``the number
of animals which will result in the maximum productivity of the
population or the species, keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the
habitat and the health of the ecosystem of which they form a
constituent element'' (16 U.S.C. 1362(9)).
To help accomplish the goal of maintaining marine mammal stocks at
their OSPs, section 117 of the MMPA requires the Service and the
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to prepare a SAR for each
marine mammal stock that occurs in waters under U.S. jurisdiction. A
SAR must be based on the best scientific information available;
therefore, we prepare it in consultation with established regional
scientific review groups. Each SAR must include:
1. A description of the stock and its geographic range;
2. A minimum population estimate, current and maximum net
productivity rate, and current population trend;
3. An estimate of the annual human-caused mortality and serious
injury by source and, for a strategic stock, other factors that may be
causing a decline or impeding recovery;
4. A description of commercial fishery interactions;
5. A categorization of the status of the stock; and
6. An estimate of the potential biological removal (PBR) level.
The MMPA defines the PBR as ``the maximum number of animals, not
including natural mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal
stock while allowing that stock to reach or maintain its OSP'' (16
U.S.C. 1362(20)). The PBR is the product of the minimum population
estimate of the stock (Nmin); one-half the maximum
theoretical or estimated net productivity rate of the stock at a small
population size (Rmax); and a recovery factor
(Fr) of between 0.1 and 1.0, which is intended to compensate
for uncertainty and unknown estimation errors. This can be written as:
PBR = (Nmin)(\1/2\ of the Rmax)(Fr)
Section 117 of the MMPA also requires the Service and NMFS to
review the SARs (a) at least annually for stocks that are specified as
strategic stocks, (b) at least annually for stocks for which
significant new information is available, and (c) at least once every 3
years for all other stocks. If our review of the status of a stock
indicates that it has changed or may be more accurately determined,
then the SAR must be revised accordingly.
A strategic stock is defined in the MMPA as a marine mammal stock
``(a) for which the level of direct human-caused mortality exceeds the
PBR level; (b) which, based on the best available scientific
information, is declining and is likely to be listed as a threatened
species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C.
1531 et seq.) [the ``ESA''], within the foreseeable future; or (c)
which is listed as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA, or
is designated as depleted under [the MMPA].'' 16 U.S.C. 1362(19).
[[Page 87952]]
Stock Assessment Report History for the Southern Sea Otter in
California
The southern sea otter SAR was last revised in January 2014.
Because the southern sea otter qualifies as a strategic stock due to
its listing as a threatened species under the ESA, the Service has
reviewed the stock assessment annually since then. In January 2015,
Service review concluded that revision was not warranted because the
status of the stock had not changed, nor could it be more accurately
determined. However, upon review in 2016, the Service determined that
revision was warranted because of changes in population dynamics in the
central portion of the mainland range and new information on fishery-
related sea otter mortality.
Summary of Draft Revised Stock Assessment Report for the Southern Sea
Otter in California
The following table summarizes some of the information contained in
the draft revised southern sea otter SAR, which includes the stock's
Nmin, Rmax, Fr, PBR, annual estimated
human-caused mortality and serious injury, and status. After
consideration of any public comments we receive, the Service will
revise and finalize the SAR, as appropriate. We will publish a notice
of availability and summary of the final SAR, including responses to
submitted comments.
Summary--Draft Revised Stock Assessment Report, Southern Sea Otter in California
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Annual estimated human-caused
Southern sea otter stock NMIN RMAX FR PBR mortality and serious injury Stock status
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Mainland................................. 2,990 0.06 0.1 8.97 Figures by specific source, Strategic.
where known, are provided in
the SAR.
San Nicolas Island....................... 64 0.13 0.1 0.42
Summary.................................. 3,054 .......... .......... 9
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Public Availability of Comments
Before including your address, phone number, email address, or
other personal identifying information in your comment, you should be
aware that your entire comment--including your personal identifying
information--may be made publicly available at any time. While you can
ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying
information from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be
able to do so.
References
In accordance with the MMPA, we include in this notice a list of
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Barlow, J. 1989. Estimating sample size required to monitor marine
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cetacean mortality in California/Oregon gillnet fisheries for 1999.
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Science Center, P.O. Box 271, La Jolla, California, 92038.
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[[Page 87953]]
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Authority: The authority for this action is the Marine Mammal
Protection Act of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1361 et al.).
Dated: November 23, 2016.
James W. Kurth,
Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
[FR Doc. 2016-29190 Filed 12-5-16; 8:45 am]
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