Wapanocca NWR primarily consists of bottomland hardwood forests, early stage reforested hardwoods, agricultural lands, open water, and flooded cypress/willow swamp. Thirty small field impoundments totaling 190 acres have been developed for waterfowl in the agricultural area. Because of its strategic location in the heart of the Mississippi Flyway and diverse habitat, the refuge is a prime wintering area for migratory waterfowl and a major stopping place for migrating warblers. The auto tour route offers excellent wildlife observation and hiking opportunities. An observation platform is located on the east side of Wapanocca Lake. Bald eagles, great blue herons, great egrets and anhingas nest on the refuge. Over 260 species of birds, 22 mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians can be seen here.