Welcome!  

On this page you can find all the information you need about Hunting at Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs: 

- UPDATES
- HUNT PROGRAM OVERVIEW
- LINKS (Special Hunts,  Juniors,  Mobility-Impaired,  MAPS,  River)
- ADMISSIONS
   - What You'll Need and How to Purchase (licenses, validations, passes)
   - Admission Methods (how to gain entry)
   - Admission Process (what to expect when you check in)
   - Admission Summary Table (#people/card, quotas, entry times)
   - Check Stations (hours, rules)
- RULES AND REGULATIONS
   - Sac Complex-specific Regulations (including pheasant / turkey / whitefronts)
   - BAG LIMITS/SEASONS Overview Table 
   - Links: STATE REGS, SHOOT TIMES, WEEKLY AVERAGES
- FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS 
- INFORMATION FOR DOG OWNERS
- SACRAMENTO NWR COMPLEX HUNT PLAN
- Other Resources

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LINKS: 

Use these links to find information on special hunt programs, maps, directions and the river:  

special huntS  Junior and Youth HuntING   Mobility Impaired HuntING HunT area maps and Directions  Sacramento River NWR Hunting 
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HUNTING THE WATERFOWL REFUGES OF SACRAMENTO NWR COMPLEX

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The Sacramento Valley is historically known for its premier waterfowl hunting. Since 1950, portions of the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex have been open to the public for hunting.   

Hunting is a wildlife management tool that we recognize as a healthy, traditional outdoor pastime, deeply rooted in America’s heritage. As practiced on refuges, hunting does not pose a threat to wildlife populations, and in some instances is can be beneficial to sound wildlife management. Hunting programs can promote understanding and appreciation of natural resources and their management on lands and waters in the Refuge System.

Portions of the following refuges are open to waterfowl and upland game bird hunting (geese, ducks, coots, moorhens, snipe, pheasant, and turkey) in accordance with all applicable state and federal regulations and subject to special regulations:

  •  Sacramento NWR
  •  Delevan NWR
  •  Colusa NWR
  •  Sutter NWR


During the waterfowl hunting season, these refuges are generally open to hunting on WednesdaysSaturdays and Sundays.  Hunting on these refuges is regulated through the Hunter Check Stations, and there are specific permits, fees, and regulations.

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UPDATES FOR 2024-2025

Updates will be posted here, as information becomes available to staff. 

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2024-2025 SACRAMENTO NWR COMPLEX - HUNTING UPDATES, CHANGES AND HIGHLIGHTS
InformationDetails and Hyperlinks
ALERTS! 
Check here for any flooding or closure information

As of December 19, 2024:
CLOSED: Sutter NWR hunt area.
OPEN: Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa NWR hunt areas.

Link to: CDFW's Wildlife Area Emergency Closures webpage (Gray Lodge, Little Dry Creek, Llano Seco hunt area, Howard Slough etc.)

CLOSED ON CHRISTMAS (Wednesday 12/25/24): Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs.

OPEN ON NEW YEARS DAY (Wednesday 1/1/25): Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs.

Waterfowl Hunting SeasonOctober 26, 2024 - January 31, 2025 (Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs)
Shooting TimesCDFW's Shooting Times for Bird Hunting. Review the times in the Colusa column for all refuges within the Sacramento NWR Complex.
Hunt Area MapsHunt Area Maps: Find maps that show free roam, assigned pond, and assigned blind areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs.  Maps include refuge-specific information and regulations.
Flood-up Maps
Weekly Quotas
Blind/Pond Results
Starting in 2022, this information is only available in-person at the Hunter Check Stations.
It is not available online or by calling the refuge.
Weekly refuge hunt resultsStarting in 2022, this information is only available online through CDFW's Waterfowl Hunt Results webpage (click on "Hunt Results" on the left-side menu).
It is not available by calling the refuge.
California RegulationsSee BAG LIMITS, SHOOT TIMES and REGULATIONS section, below
Pheasant Monday 2024Pheasant Monday is Monday, November 11 2024 (Veteran's Day Holiday) on Sacramento, Delevan, and Colusa NWRs. See the Special Hunts Page for details.  
Click here to find more information on:  Pheasant Hunting
Sutter NWR 2024Due to the lengthy timeline of the nearly-completed Sutter Lift Pump Project, the estimated flood-up timeline for Sutter NWR is delayed. Reservations for Sutter NWR are available online through CDFW.
Sul Norte and Codora 2024Sul Norte/Codora Units (part of Sacramento River NWR) will continue to be open to the public through the current parking lot during the ongoing Butte City Bridge/CalTrans project. Road/trail access may temporarily be re-routed. The Safety Zone adjacent the bridge has been expanded by 150 feet during the construction project - please follow all signs in the field. More info on: Sacramento NWR River - Hunting.
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HUNT AREA ADMISSION:

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What You'll Need and Where to Purchase Them - Licenses/Validations/Passes:

Check Stations do not sell any licenses, validations, or passes.

Non-hunters do not need to have any licenses, validations or passes if they are accompanying a hunting individual (even if the hunting individual is a junior hunter, as long as the non-hunter is NOT hunting).

Hunters must purchase any of the following necessary licenses, validations and passes prior to arrival at the Check Station. 

Select information found in the table below was pulled from CDFW's Hunting License Items and Feespage. Visit this page for more information regarding costs and other types of hunting licenses, big game tags/drawing applications, reservation applications for state-operated hunting areas and more.

Licenses, Validations and Passes Hunters Need and Where to Purchase Them 
Type of License, Validation or Pass Information and RequirementsWhere to purchase oneCost 
(for 2024-2025, copied from CDFW's License page.)
California Hunting License 

A California hunting license is required for any person taking birds or mammals. Hunters must carry licenses and be prepared to show them on request.

The license is valid July 1 through June 30.

Copied from CDFW's Hunting License Page

  • "Resident Hunting License: Required for any resident 16 years of age or older who takes birds or mammals."
  • "Junior Hunting License: Required for any resident or nonresident less than 16 years of age who takes birds or mammals. To qualify, hunter must be less than 16 years of age at the beginning of the license year (July 1)."
  1. Go in-person to a CDFW License Sales Office
  2. Go in-person to a License Agent (i.e. a sporting goods store)
  3. Purchase Online at: CDFW Online License Sales and Services  - click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING.

Resident: $61.82

Junior: $16.20

Harvest Information Program (HIP) Validation

Required for any person hunting ducks, dove, gallinules, geese, band-tailed pigeon, black brant, coots, and snipe. This validation is free to hunters who complete the Harvest Information Program (HIP) Survey. The HIP Validation is imprinted on your hunting license document when you answer the HIP Survey questions. 

If you hunt migratory game birds, verify that a HIP Validation has been printed on your hunting license.

 The HIP Survey provides wildlife biologists with data needed to make wildlife management decisions and formulate hunting seasons. More information about HIP.

  1. Go in-person to a CDFW License Sales Office
  2. Go in-person to a License Agent (i.e. a sporting goods store)
  3. Purchase Online at: CDFW Online License Sales and Services  - click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING.
$0
California Duck Validation

Required for any hunter taking waterfowl.

Not required if only hunting pheasants.

Not required for Junior Hunters under the authority of a Junior Hunting License.  

  1. Go in-person to a CDFW License Sales Office
  2. Go in-person to a License Agent (i.e. a sporting goods store)
  3. Purchase Online at: CDFW Online License Sales and Services  - click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING.
$39.14
Prepaid Type A Pass

Allows a licensed hunter to hunt on a Type A State-operated Wildlife Area. Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs are all Type A hunt areas.

Hunters can choose from a One-Day, Two-Day or Season Pass. More details can be found on CDFW's Hunting License Items and Fees page.

Junior hunters are exempt from permit requirements.

  1. Go in-person to a CDFW License Sales Office
  2. Go in-person to a License Agent (i.e. a sporting goods store)
  3. Purchase Online* at: CDFW Online License Sales and Services  - click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING.

*If you purchase a Type A Pass online, you cannot print it at home for immediate use. Type A Passes purchased online are mailed to the customer, and you should allow 15 days for shipping. If you need a pass for use in less than 15 days, visit any license agent, or CDFW license sales office to purchase one in person.

Type A One-Day Pass: $27.82

Type A Two-Day Pass: $44.85

Type A Season Pass: $210.09

Upland Game Bird ValidationRequired for any person taking upland game bird species, excluding juniors hunting under the authority of a Junior Hunting License.
  1. Go in-person to a CDFW License Sales Office
  2. Go in-person to a License Agent (i.e. a sporting goods store)
  3. Purchase Online at: CDFW Online License Sales and Services  - click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING.
$24.33
Federal Duck StampRequired for all hunters age 16 or older. Not required if only hunting pheasants.

Federal Duck Stamps can be purchased at many post offices and some license agents. 

Purchases can be made online (including E-Stamps) or in-person by visiting Buy a Duck Stamp or E-Stamp

$25.00

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Admission Methods*:

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This information is specific for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs. 
Click on Sacramento River NWR for information about hunting on the Sacramento River.
*For specific details on Mobility-Impaired Hunter Admissions, click on Mobility-Impaired Hunter Admissions.

3 methods of admission to the hunt areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs
Admission MethodOverview (more details under "Daily Admissions Process" below this table)
1. Reservation
  • A hunter must apply for a reservation at least 17 days in advance of desired hunt day.
  • A hunter may apply for a reservation online through the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (click on the blue ONLINE SALES AND SERVICES button, click on orange CUSTOMER LOG-IN button, log in with DOB/name/GO-ID, click on PURCHASE LICENSES button, then on HUNTING, then go to DRAWINGS section), OR wherever hunting licenses are sold. Only the hunter who is applying needs to provide their GO-ID at the time of application.
  • If a reservation is granted, the reservation holder may bring 3 additional party members on the day of their reservation (see Admissions Summary Table, below). The reservation holder must be present for entry on that reservation.
  • The daily quota of hunters is filled first by those holding advance reservations
  • See past years' waterfowl reservation drawing statistics (link to CDFW page)
2. Lottery
  • Hunters are only permitted to enter ONE Type A  Area lottery each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday; hunters in violation of this regulation are subject to citation and a seasonal ban from National Wildlife Refuge hunting areas. 
  • Hunters may enter the lottery from 6:00 - 8:00pm Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the night before the desired hunt day. Hunters may leave the area once the lottery card is filled out and turned in. They do not have to be present during the draw
  • Up to 4 people may put their names on one lottery entry. All party member names & license numbers must be on the lottery card at the time of the drawing for entry the next day. This includes adult hunters, junior hunters (no more than two juniors per adult) and non-hunters (non-hunters do not need license numbers).
  • The lottery is conducted at 8:00pm and results are posted soon afterwards; hunters do not need to be present for the lottery results that night.
  • Lottery number holders will be issued an entry permit following reservation holders the morning of the hunt.
  • Numbers will be purged at 8:00 am, when names of hunters not present will be removed from the list.

3. First-come First-Served 

(aka "Sweat-line")

  • A hunter may wait in the "sweat-line" and will be allowed admission that morning after all reservations and lottery holders are admitted.
  • No entry permits will be issued after 3:00pm

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Daily Admissions Process:

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*This information is specific for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs*. Click on Sacramento River NWR for information about hunting on the Sacramento River. 

A. Reservation Procedures:
  • Reservation holders are encouraged to pre-register to speed up the processing.
  • Mobility Impaired (MI) reservation hunters will be processed before other reservation hunters in numerical sequence when the check station opens.
  • Processing begins 2½ hours before waterfowl shoot time on Sacramento and Delevan, and 2 hours before waterfowl shoot time on Colusa and Sutter NWRs.
  • If a reservation card holder is not present when card number is called, they will be allowed to enter UPON ARRIVAL, or until the end of the reservation period.
  • Reservations must be presented at the check station no later than 1½ hours before waterfowl shoot time on Sacramento and Delevan and 1 hour before waterfowl shoot time on Colusa and Sutter. Once the reservation period has expired, the reservation will be invalid – NO EXCEPTIONS!
  • An MI reservation holder may choose any available MI blind site or enter free-roam. If both options are refused, the MI hunter may be placed on a "MI waiting list" in order to remain eligible to hunt.
  • A non-MI reservation holder may choose any available regular (non-MI) blind site or enter free roam. If both options are refused, the hunter may be placed on a "waiting list" in order to remain eligible to hunt.
  • MI and non MI reservation holders who wish to be put on a waiting list will be added to the list in numerical order (reservation card number) and will have priority over lottery and first-come, first-served list.
  • A reservation holder selecting a hunting site, assigned pond, or free-roam may take up to three additional people of his/her choice, including no more than two juniors or nonhunters, for a total of four people. Once formed, the party cannot add or substitute other individuals. The party may not split between blinds and free-roam.
  • If the reservation holder chooses a blind site or assigned pond and they have a guest who has not arrived yet, the reservation holder may request to have this person join them at their assigned blind site or assigned pond. The name must be given at the time of processing. This does not affect the quota.
  • If the reservation holder chooses free roam, all hunters in their group must be present at the time of processing. Once the group (free-roam) has been processed and the next reservation number is called, additional hunters will not be added to the card. Adding additional hunters will affect free-roam quota. If the hunter truly has a partner who will be arriving late, they will be advised to choose a blind site. Hunters may not split between blinds and free-roam.
B. Lottery Draw Procedures:
  • Hunters are only permitted to enter ONE Type A  Area lottery each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday; hunters in violation of this regulation are subject to citation and a seasonal ban from National Wildlife Refuge hunting areas.  
  • Hunters obtain a lottery card at the Check Station and fill out both halves:
  1. Only one hunter’s name may appear on the front of a card.
  2. Hunting license number and vehicle license number must be written on the front.
  3. MI hunters wishing to use the MI blind sites or ponds must mark the MI box.
  4. A maximum of three additional names may be placed on the back of the card. This includes adult hunters, junior hunters (no more than two juniors per adult) and non-hunters.
  5. Hunter’s names and hunting license numbers are required on the back of the card. Hunters on the back of the card do not have to be present during the lottery. 
  6. Hunters who want to sign up other hunters on his/her card but do not have their license number at the time may add license numbers any time before the draw.
  7. Any names recorded without hunting license numbers at time of the draw will not be eligible to hunt.
  • A hunter’s name may be placed on the front or back of only one lottery card for each shoot day per refuge. Hunters may only apply to one Tyle A Area lottery per hunt day.
  • A card number will be assigned to each card in top right corner. It will take the place of individuals’ name for the purpose of assigning lottery numbers.
  • The right half of the lottery card will be filed at the check station. The hunter will keep the left half.
  • Hunters may leave the area once the lottery card is filled out and turned in. They do not have to be present during the draw
  • On Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays at 8:00 p.m., the total number of cards that have been issued are entered into a computer program. The computer will randomly select the order of each lottery card number:
  1. The card numbers (plastic tokens) are placed on a large numbered board in the check station.
  2. The position of each card number (plastic token) determines the lottery number.
  3. The spaces between each card number are determined by the additional number of hunters that have been entered on the cards.
  4. Lottery numbers determine the order that the hunters will be called the next morning. Only one lottery number will be issued per party. All names on a card must enter as a party. Once a party is formed, the party must hunt together. No splitting between blinds and free-roam.
  5. It is the hunter’s responsibility to check the board to determine what their lottery number is before lottery numbers are called.
  6. Hunters should write their assigned LOTTERY NUMBER (drawing results) to the left of the CARD NUMBER on their portion of the lottery card.
  7. Hunters will be called by their lottery number. 
  • If a lottery cardholder does not show on the morning of the hunt, the other hunters on the back of the card are eligible to hunt.
  • At Sacramento and Delevan, lottery numbers will be called 1 ½ hours before shoot time. At Colusa and Sutter, lottery numbers will be called 1 hour before shoot time. Hunters must be present when their number is called and will be eliminated from the list if they are not present.
  • A lottery purge will occur at 8:00 a.m. where names of hunters who are not present will be removed from the list.
C. First-Come, First-Served:
  • Hunters arriving after the 8:00 p.m. cut-off for the lottery draw will be issued a first-come, first-served number which will begin after the last number on the lottery list.
  • Unlike the lottery, each hunter must be physically present to sign up.
D. Filling Vacancies:
  • Vacancies occurring from no-show reservation hunters and from hunters leaving the area are filled in accordance with current CDFW procedures. If you do not get drawn for a reservation, you may enter a lottery the evening before the hunt. 
  • Non-reservation hunters may enter the lottery drawing for one of the following: Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter Refuges, on any hunt date. 
  • After all reservation and lottery number holders have been processed, hunters may enter on a first-come, first-served system.
  • No entry permits will be issued after 3:00pm

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Check Stations: 

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  • Hours: the check station hours at Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter during waterfowl season are:
    • 6:00 pm Tuesday until 1.5 hours after shoot time ends Wednesday
    • 6:00 pm Friday until 1.5 hours after shoot time ends Sunday  
  • Special Hours: for the Special Monday Pheasant Hunt, the Check Stations at Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa will have special hours - see our Special Hunts section for more information.
  • Entry: all hunters and non-hunters must obtain an entry permit from the check station before entering the hunt area.  See the Admissions section for information about other passes and licenses needed for hunting. 
  • Overnight Parking: is allowed in the check station parking lots. You must stay inside your vehicle/RV. Trailers are allowed, but free-standing tents are not allowed. 
  • Fires: no open flames are permitted, but you can have a portable gas stove.
  • What time should you arrive?  See our Admissions Summary Table, below, for information on what time the lotteries are held, what time reservation-holders are called in the morning, and what time lottery-holders are called in the morning.  First-come first-serve and refills end at 3:00pm - no entry permits will be issued after this time.
  • What time do you need to vacate?  All hunters are required to check out at the check station, report hunting results, return their permits, and vacate the refuge no later than 1.5 hours after the end of shoot time. Hunters don't need to vacate the refuge if they are participating in an overnight stay on Tuesday, Friday, or Saturday nights.

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Admissions Summary Table by Refuge: 

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*This information is specific for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs*. Click on Sacramento River NWR for information about hunting on the Sacramento River. 

Admissions Summary for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter NWRs 
InformationSacramento NWRDelevan NWRColusa NWRSutter NWR
Reservation4 individuals per reservation4 individuals per reservation4 individuals per reservation4 individuals per reservation
Lottery4 people per card4 people per card4 people per card4 people per card
First-come, 
first-serve
Each person has to be present to receive a number. However, adults can get a number for a junior hunter. Each person has to be present to receive a number. However, adults can get a number for a junior hunter. Each person has to be present to receive a number. However, adults can get a number for a junior hunter. Each person has to be present to receive a number. However, adults can get a number for a junior hunter. 
Adult to 
Junior ratio
No more than 2 junior hunters or
2 non-shooters or 1 of each per adult.
No more than 2 junior hunters or
2 non-shooters or 1 of each per adult.
No more than 2 junior hunters or
2 non-shooters or 1 of each per adult.
No more than 2 junior hunters or
2 non-shooters or 1 of each per adult.
What time
is the
Lottery?
6-8 pm the night before6-8 pm the night before6-8 pm the night before6-8 pm the night before
What time does 
Check Station 
begin calling 
reservations?
2.5 hours before shoot time2.5 hours before shoot time2 hours before shoot time2 hours before shoot time
What time does 
Check Station 
begin calling Mobility-Impaired
reservations?
2.5 hours-1.5 hours before shoot time
Mobility-Impaired Methods of Entry & Daily Processing
2.5-1.5 hours before shoot time
Mobility-Impaired Methods of Entry & Daily Processing
2 hours-1 hour before shoot time
Mobility-Impaired Methods of Entry & Daily Processing
2 hours-1 hour before shoot time
Mobility-Impaired Methods of Entry & Daily Processing
What time does
Check Station
begin calling
lottery #s?
1½ hours before shoot time1½ hours before shoot time1 hour before shoot time1 hour before shoot time
What is the latest time I can be issued an entry permit?3:00 pm3:00 pm3:00 pm3:00 pm
# of Reservations 
drawn (when fully flooded)
 59 + 4 mobility-impaired39 + 3 mobility-impaired23 + 2 mobility-impaired17 + 1 mobility-impaired
# Assigned Blinds (when fully flooded)26 + 3 mobility-impaired
 
15 + 3 mobility-impaired 
 
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# Assigned Ponds (when fully flooded)20 + 1 mobility-impaired (has a blind)10 + 1 junior10 + 2 mobility-impaired (have blinds) + 1 junior11 + 1 mobility-impaired (has a blind)
Free roam hunting
quotas (when 
fully flooded)
5425 west
25 east
14 west
34 east
25
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HUNTING RULES AND REGULATIONS:

Sacramento NWR Complex Special Regulations:

*This information is specific for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs - Click here for information on hunting the Sacramento River NWR   
Find out more about permitted/prohibited activities at the Sacramento NWR Complex in the Rules and Policies section of our Visit Us page.

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ADMISSIONS - REGULATIONS:

  • Admissions Summary:
    Review the Admissions Summary table (click link above) for information on # admissions per entry card, adult-to-junior ratios, lottery timing, morning reservation call times, and daily hunter quotas.
  • Licenses:
    All adult hunters must possess a valid California State hunting license, HIP Validation, signed Federal Duck Stamp, California Duck Validation Stamp, and Upland Game Bird Validation (if hunting pheasant or turkey). See "Licenses/Validations/Passes" above.  See Junior Hunting page for Junior and Youth hunter requirements.
  • Type-A Pass required:
    All adult hunters must purchase a Type A Pass(one-day, two-day, or season) prior to their arrival at the Check Station. Junior hunters and non-hunters do not need to purchase a Type A Pass.
     

ONCE YOU GET HERE - REGULATIONS:

TopicInformation
Parking and Drop-offVehicle parking is allowed only in designated parking areas.  
Vehicles may stop only at designated, assigned parking areas. 
The dropping of passengers or equipment, or stopping between designated parking areas, is prohibited except for designated mobility impaired areas for mobility impaired hunters.
Hunt Area AccessHunters may only enter or exit the hunt area from designated parking areas.
Assigned BlindsHunters in assigned hunting blinds are restricted to hunting within a 100 foot radius of the blind, except to retrieve birds.
Assigned PondsHunters in assigned ponds (AP) are restricted to the area within the signed AP boundary. 
No hunting is allowed from levees.
Free Roam AreasHunters may use only portable blinds, temporary blinds constructed of natural materials, or existing concrete in-ground blinds. 
The construction of permanent blinds is prohibited. 
The cutting/breaking of woody vegetation is prohibited. 
All portable blinds, decoys, and other personal equipment must be removed from the refuge each day.
FirearmsLoaded firearms are prohibited in parking areas. 
Shooting from or across parking areas, safety zones and access roads is prohibited. 
No shot guns larger than 12-gauge and no shot size larger than BB, except steel “T” (.20” diameter), are permitted.  
Rifles, handguns and archery equipment are not allowed.
AmmunitionApproved nontoxic shot is required on all refuges. 
No shot shell larger than 12 gauge and no shot size larger than T is permitted. 
Hunters may possess not more than 25 federally approved nontoxic shotgun shells after leaving the parking area. 
Weapons must be unloaded (no ammunition in the magazine or chamber) when in a vehicle or walking to/from a hunt area.
Alcoholic Beverages and DrugsThe consumption or possession of an open container of alcohol, within public areas of the refuge, is prohibited. 
Marijuana and illegal drugs are prohibited.
Electronic DecoysFrom the start of waterfowl season through November 30, electronic or mechanically-operated spinning blade devices or decoys are prohibited. 
Wind-powered spinning-wing decoys are allowed.
DogsIn the parking areas (including the check station parking area), dogs must be kept in vehicles or on a leash. 
Dogs are allowed off-leash only while hunting and under the control of their owner.
Please visit the Information for Dog Owners section for additional information.
Littering and FiresPlease take your refuse with you when you leave; littering is unlawful and can be fined. 
Open fires are prohibited.
BicyclesAccess to the hunt area is by foot only. Bicycles and other conveyances are not permitted.
Exception: permitted ATV use for mobility impaired hunters only at certain sites of Sacramento and Delevan NWRs. See "V. ATV Use (Sacramento and Delevan NWRs only)" under Accommodations.
Injuries and AccidentsIncidents involving injury or accident occurring on the refuge must be reported immediately to the check station or Complex Headquarters at 530-934-2801.  
See the Safety Tips section and the Incident Reporting section below for additional information.
More Rules and RegulationsFind more about permitted/prohibited activities in the Rules and Policies section of our Visit Us page

PHEASANT REGULATIONS:

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  • Pheasant hunting is permitted in the free-roam and pheasant-only areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter NWRs and is open on Saturdays, Sundays, and Wednesdays from 8:00am - sunset. 
  • Pheasant hunting is NOT permitted in the Assigned Blind/Assigned Pond areas, except during the Special Monday Pheasant Hunt on Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa NWRs (see Special Hunts page for more information).  
  • Required Licenses/Validations/Passes:  California Hunting License, Upland Game Bird Validation (not required for junior hunters), Prepaid Type A Pass for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs (not required for junior hunters). Type A Pass is not required for Sacramento River NWR.
  • Admission: you can enter via 1) reservation, 2) lottery or 3) first-come-first-serve (see Admissions section, above), but need to keep in mind that shoot time for pheasants does not start until 8:00am.  You may apply for a 'waterfowl reservation' to hunt pheasants on any waterfowl hunting day, but will have to arrive at 2 1/2 hours prior to waterfowl shoot time on Sacramento/Delevan and 2 hours prior to waterfowl shoot time on Colusa/Sutter when reservations are admitted, even though pheasant shoot time doesn't start until 8:00am.  You may also enter the lottery the night before any waterfowl hunting day, but will have to arrive 1 1/2 hours prior to waterfowl shoot time on Sacramento/Delevan and 1 hour prior to waterfowl shoot time on Colusa/Sutter when lottery holders are admitted, even though pheasant shoot time doesn't start until 8:00am.  You may also enter as a first-come first-serve on the waterfowl hunt day.
  • Sacramento River: Pheasant hunting is permitted on various units of the Sacramento River NWR concurrent with established CDFW pheasant hunting season - please see the Sacramento River NWR Hunting page for more information.  The Sacramento River NWR is a Type-C Area (no check stations and no Type-A pass needed).
     

TURKEY REGULATIONS:

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  • Fall turkey hunting is permitted in the free-roam and pheasant-only areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter NWRs and is open on Saturdays, Sundays, and Wednesdays from 8:00am - sunset, concurrent with established CDFW fall turkey hunting season. 
  • Fall turkey hunting is NOT permitted in the Assigned Blind/Assigned Pond areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs.
  • Required Licenses/Validations/Passes:  California Hunting License, Upland Game Bird Validation (not required for junior hunters), Prepaid Type A Pass for Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs (not required for junior hunters).  Type A Pass is not required for Sacramento River NWR.
  • River:  Fall and Spring turkey hunting is permitted on various units of the Sacramento River NWR concurrent with established CDFW fall and spring turkey hunting seasons - please see the Sacramento River NWR Hunting page for more information.  The Sacramento River NWR is a Type-C Area (no check stations and no Type-A pass needed).
  • Starting in 2020, a special Mentored Spring Turkey Hunt has been in development at Sacramento and Delevan NWRs to connect with first-time hunters in the CDFW hunter recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) program.  The Refuge does not administer this program but information may be posted to our Special Hunts page as it becomes available.
     

WHITEFRONT REGULATIONS:
SACRAMENTO VALLEY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA (tule greater white-fronted goose)

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  • The White-fronted Goose Special Management Area is a specific zone within which there are special restrictions on the harvest of all white-fronted geese.  This area is located around the areas of Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa NWRs, and is bounded by Highway 162 to the north, Highway 45 to the east, Interstate 5 to the west, and Hahn Rd/Grimes Arbuckle Rd to the south. 
  • Within the Special Management Area, hunting regulations of all white-fronted geese are subject to a delayed opening date, lower bag limit, and mid-December closure, all of which are intended to reduce the harvest of tule greater white-fronted geese (aka 'tule geese'). 
  • The majority of all tule geese winter in the western Sacramento Valley, especially on or adjacent to the Sacramento, Delevan, and Colusa NWRs. In 1975 a Special Management Area was created around these refuges to eliminate the harvest of the then-endangered Aleutian cackling goose. Cackling cackling geese and Pacific white-fronted geese were included when both of those populations were also at record low levels. While those goose populations have since recovered, tule goose numbers remain low and require restrictive hunting regulations to protect their population.

    How are Tule white-fronts different?

    There are two subspecies of white-fronted geese (aka specklebellies) that winter in California: the tule greater white-fronted goose and the Pacific greater white-fronted goose.  Tule geese breed in the upper Cook Inlet Basin of Alaska and number only 7,000-10,000 birds and are only know to winter in the small area surrounding Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa NWRs. Pacific white-fronts breed in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska number upward of 600,000 birds and winter throughout California. Physically, tule geese tend to be larger and darker than Pacifics with less speckling on the adults' breasts, have thicker and darker heads and necks, and have larger bills.  Despite these differences, there's a large degree of overlap in body size when comparing smaller tules to larger Pacifics, making field identification difficult.  Anatomical measurements are often needed to distinguish the two subspecies.

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Bag Limits, Shoot Times, Seasons and Hunt Results:

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2024-2025 Sacramento NWR Complex - Hunting Seasons and Bag Limit Summary Table:

Key # 1 for Hunting Seasons and Bag Limit Summary Table below:

SAC = Sacramento NWR
DEL = Delevan NWR
CLS = Colusa NWR
SUT = Sutter NWR
RIV = Sacramento River NWR. All or part of the following units: La Barranca, Todd Island, Mooney and Ohm (portions closed to waterfowl hunting), Flynn, Heron Island, Rio Vista, Foster Island, Pine Creek, Capay, Phelan Island, Jacinto, Dead Man’s Reach, South Ord, Llano Seco Island 1 and 2, Sul Norte, Codora (Juniors only on weekends only), Afton, Drumheller North, Drumheller Slough, and Bogg’s Bend.

2024-2025 Sacramento NWR Complex - Hunting Seasons and Bag Limit Summary Table
Refuge 
(see Key # 1 above)
SpeciesDatesDaily Bag Limits 
RIVDeer – Archery
(Zone C4, A-1 Tag)
August 17 – September 1
Third Saturday in August, extending 16 days
One buck, forked horn or better per tag
RIVDeer – Archery
(Zone D3)
Afton, Codora, Drumheller, and Bogg’s Bend Units only
August 17 – September 8
Third Saturday in August, extending 23 days
One buck, forked horn or better per tag
RIVDeer – General   
(Zone C4)
September 21 – October 6
Third Saturday in September, extending 16 days
One buck, forked horn or better per tag
RIVDeer – General   
(Zone D3)
September 28 – November 3
Fourth Saturday in September, extending 37 days
One buck, forked horn or better per tag
RIVDeer – G1 Late Season
(Zone C4)
October 26 – November 3
Fourth Saturday in October, extending 9 days
One buck, forked horn or better per tag
RIVFeral PigsYear-roundNo daily bag or possession limit
RIVWaterfowl
Early Resident Canada Geese
September 28 -  September 30
Saturday closest to October 1, extending 3 days
10 large Canada geese per day; possession triple the daily bag limit
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVWaterfowl – DucksOctober 26 – January 31
Fourth Saturday in October, extending 98 days;
Except scaup - from November 7 extending 86 days (Nov 7 - Jan 31)
7 per day;    
See Key #2 below; possession triple the daily bag limit
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVWaterfowl – GeeseOctober 26 – January 31
Except white-fronted geese in the Sacramento Valley Special Management Area (Oct 26 - Dec 21 and during Youth Waterfowl Hunting Days Feb 1-2)
30 per day;  
See Key #2 below; possession triple the daily bag limit     
RIVWaterfowl
Late Season Geese
Canada geese February 8 - 9 (second Saturday in February extending for 2 days)
White-fronted geese and white geese February 8 -12 (second Saturday in Feb extending 5 days, except in the Sacramento Valley Special Management Area where white-fronted goose season is closed). 
Type A Hunt Areas (Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs) are closed to late season goose season.
30 per day;
See Key #2 below;  possession triple the daily bag limit
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVAmerican Coot and Common MoorhenOctober 26 – January 31
Concurrent with duck season
25 per day, 25 in possession
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVSnipeOctober 19 – February 2
Third Saturday in October
8 per day; possession triple the daily bag limit
RIVQuail – GeneralOctober 19 – January 26
Third Saturday in October, extending through the last Sunday in January
10 per day; possession triple the daily bag limit
RIVQuail – Archery OnlyAugust 17 - September 6
Third Saturday in August, extending 21 days
10 per day; possession triple  the daily bag limit
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVPheasant – GeneralNovember 9 – December 22
Second Saturday in November, extending 44 days
2 males first two days; 3 males thereafter; possession triple the daily bag limit
RIVPheasant –  Archery OnlyOctober 12 – November 3
December 23- January 19
Second Saturday in October, extending 23 days
Fourth Monday in December, extending 28 days
2 pheasants first two days; 3 pheasants thereafter; 1 female per day; possession triple the daily bag limit
RIVDoveSeptember 1 - September 15;  November 9 – December 23
Second Saturday in November, extending 45 days
15 per day of which no more than 10 may be white-winged doves; possession triple the daily bag limit
SAC, DEL, CLS, SUT, RIVTurkey – FallNovember 9– December 8
Second Saturday in November, extending 30 days
1 either sex; 2 per season
RIVTurkey – General Spring March 29 - May 4
Last Saturday in March, extending 37 days
1 bearded per day;
3 bearded per spring season
RIVTurkey – Spring - Juniors OnlyMarch 22 - 23
May 5 - 18
Saturday and Sunday preceding General Spring opening day and following General Spring, extending 14 days
1 bearded per day;
3 bearded per spring season
RIVTurkey – Spring – Archery OnlyMay 5 - May 181 bearded per day;
3 bearded per spring season

Key # 2 - Daily Waterfowl Bag Limits:

  • DUCKS = 7 ducks/ but not more than 2 hen mallards, 1 pintail (either sex), 2 canvasback (either sex), 2 redheads (either sex), 2 scaup (either sex – scaup season Nov 7 – Jan 31); possession limit is triple the daily bag limit
  • GEESE =  30 geese; may include up to 20 white geese and 10 dark geese (dark geese include large Canada, small Canada, and white-fronted EXCEPT in the Sacramento Valley Special Management Area, including Sacramento, Delevan and Colusa NWRs, where the white-fronted goose bag limit is 3 and white-fronted goose season is open October 26 - December 21 and during Youth Hunting Days); possession limit is triple the daily bag limit
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FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS AND SAFETY TIPS:

Are you new to hunting on the Complex? Click here to see a video our staff put together to help new hunters. Visit this Facebook Program for information.

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Hunt Area Admission Questions (Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs):

Hunt Area Admission Questions and Answers (specific to Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs)
QuestionAnswer
How do I apply to get a hunting spot?See the list of Admission Methods in the Hunt Area Admission section above.
What kinds of Fees and Passes do I need to know about?See the table in Hunt Area Admission section above.
Does my non-hunting guest need a Type-A Pass?No, a non-hunting guest is not required to purchase a Type-A Pass for entrance.
How many people can be on a reservation/lottery?It depends on who they are and what they're doing. See the Admissions Summary Table in the Hunt Area Admission section above.
What time do I need to be at the Check Station?See the Admissions Summary Table in the Hunt Area Admission section above.
How late can I get there (to the check station) and still have my reservation be valid?- Sacramento and Delevan NWRs - reservations must be presented no later than 1 ½ hours. before shoot time. 
- Colusa/Sutter NWRs - reservations must be presented no later than 1 hour before shoot time.
What time is the Lottery?- Check stations open at 6:00 pm the night before the hunt day. 
- Lottery entries are accepted between 6:00 pm and 8:00 pm Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday.
- Lottery numbers are drawn and posted after 8:00 pm Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday. 
Do I need to be present during the Lottery?No.
Do all members of my hunting party need to be present to put in for the Lottery?No. One person from your hunting party can put everyone into the lottery, as long as they have everyone's hunting info (name, Go ID #s, vehicle license plate).
Can I put in for the Lottery at more than one refuge?- No. Starting in 2022, hunters are permitted to enter only one lottery for one Type A wildlife area each Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday. This includes refuges and state wildlife areas. 
- Hunters are permitted to enter only one lottery whether you are personally entering the lottery or someone is putting your name in the lottery. 
- If a hunter’s name appears on more than one lottery list, they will be removed and are subject to citation and a seasonal ban from National Wildlife Refuge hunting areas.
When is the Lottery list purged?
(purge = a point at which hunters who have a Lottery #, but are not present, are removed from the list)
A lottery purge will be conducted at 8:00 a.m. the morning of the hunt by check station personnel.
How low do I need to be on the lottery to get in to hunt?It's hard to say! Some days if you are #150 you can get on to hunt, but every day is different. The lottery purge eliminates many hunters, which provides more opportunities.
Can I bring a non-hunter with me?Yes, up to 2 non-hunters per adult hunter. Non-hunters count towards the party total of 4.
When do they stop hunter refills? How late can I get on to hunt?No entry permits are issued after 3:00 p.m.
What if I have questions about the Online License System or my waterfowl license?Check the CDFW website for answers to common questions.
What blind, assigned pond, or free roam area should I hunt? - Every day and every hunter is different! Each day brings different weather, different waterfowl, and different hunters with different skills and abilities. 
- We recommend determining what refuge you want to hunt and what type of area is right for you (blind, assigned pond, or free roam). 
- Hunt Area Descriptions and past Hunt Results, and aerial maps of the hunt areas are posted at the check stations. Go to the check station early and talk with other hunters and the check station staff (willing to help you find a great spot to hunt for the day).
What should I bring?- Tule stools are highly recommended to make it more comfortable and successful to hide in the vegetation in the free roam areas and around Delevan's hunt site islands.
- Decoys and calls should be used to bring birds into ideal shooting range. When setting out decoys, place the outer decoy at 40 yards from the blind. This will help you judge when to shoot and decrease the likelihood of crippling birds.
- A trained dog can retrieve your game and lessen disturbance to birds and other hunters in the area.
- Do NOT bring vegetation into the refuge - visitors may not introduce plants and animals or their parts taken from anywhere off the refuge onto the refuge, except as authorized (Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations 27.52).
What do I need to know for my first time?- See the table in Hunt Area Admission section above for all the components you need to bring with you regarding licenses, stamps and validations. Nothing is sold at the check stations.
- Certain licenses, stamps and validations can be purchased at local sporting good stores and other businesses. Federal Duck Stamps can be purchased at many sporting good stores and post offices.
Do I need chest waders?Yes! Water levels can vary in every pond.
Can I stay overnight in the parking lot?Yes. Hunters are permitted to stay in their personal vehicles or RVs in the check station parking lots overnight. No tents, alcohol or open flames are permitted. All vehicles and RVs must be removed at the end of the hunt day.
Can I cook in the parking lot?Yes but no open flames (such as fire pits or charcoal). Please use propane or natural gas with a cover. This prevents wildfires and people dumping hot charcoal.

Junior/Youth Hunter Questions:

Please visit the Junior/Youth Hunt page

Mobility-Impaired Hunter Questions:

Please visit the Mobility-Impaired Hunting page

Pheasant Hunting Questions:

Pheasant Hunting Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
What is the best method for admissions (reservations, lottery, first-come, first-serve) if I only want to hunt pheasants?You cannot hunt pheasants until 8am, so lottery and first-come-first-serve are the best methods for admission.
Where can I hunt pheasants?- Pheasant hunting is permitted in the free roam and pheasant-only areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter NWRs and is open on Saturdays, Sundays, and Wednesdays.  You many NOT hunt pheasants in the assigned pond or assigned blind areas except for on Pheasant Monday
- The Sacramento River NWR is a Type-C Area (no check stations and no Type-A pass needed) and pheasants may be hunted there every day during pheasant season (see the specific Units map for hunting details).
What passes do I need?Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRS: hunters will need a valid Type-A pass, license, and upland game validation.
Sacramento River NWR: this is a Type-C area and does not require an entrance pass.
Can I hunt pheasants and waterfowl?Yes, as long as you check in with the check station first, are in free-roam, and have all the appropriate licenses and stamps.
When is Pheasant Monday and what are the rules?Please visit the Special Hunts page. 

Turkey Hunting Questions:

Turkey Hunting Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
Can I hunt turkeys at Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs?Fall turkey hunting is permitted in the free roam and pheasant-only areas of Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter NWRs and is open on Saturdays, Sundays, and Wednesdays concurrent with established CDFW fall turkey hunting season.
Can I hunt turkeys at Sacramento River NWR?Fall and Spring turkey hunting is permitted on various units of the Sacramento River NWR concurrent with established CDFW fall and spring turkey hunting seasons - please see the Sacramento River NWR Hunting page for more information.
I've heard about a special spring turkey hunt, what is it?Starting in 2020, a special Mentored Spring Turkey Hunt has been in development at Sacramento and Delevan NWRs to connect with first-time hunters in the CDFW hunter recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) program.  The Refuge does not administer this program but information may be posted to our Special Hunts page as it becomes available. 

Sacramento River NWR Hunting: 

Sacramento River NWR Hunting Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
Are there hunter check stations on the Sacramento River NWR?There are no hunter check stations on the Sacramento River NWR.  There are no hunting fees or hunter quotas, and specified refuge lands (see Unit Maps and Recreation Info webpage for specific areas open/closed to hunting) are open to hunting and fishing in the appropriate season.
What species can I hunt on the Sacramento River NWR?Review the Sacramento River NWR - Hunting page for detailed information.
What types of firearms/ammunition can I use on the Sacramento River NWR?Shotguns and archery equipment are permitted during the hunting season in hunting areas only, but must be transported "unloaded" (meaning no ammunition in the chamber or magazine) through safety zones from the parking to hunting areas. No rifles, pistols or crossbows may be used or possessed on the refuge.  You may only possess non-toxic shot while in the field.
Can I use a deer stand or temporary blind on the Sacramento River NWR?Temporary, portable stands and blinds are allowed but must be removed when you leave.  Construction or use of permanent blinds, platforms, ladders or screw-in foot pegs is prohibited. You must remove all personal property, including decoys and boats, by 1.5 hours after legal sunset.  
Cutting and removal of vegetation for blind construction or for making trails is strictly prohibited. Visitors may not introduce plants and animals or their parts taken from anywhere off the refuge onto the refuge, except as authorized (Title 50 Code of Federal Regulations 27.52). 
Are dogs allowed on the Sacramento River NWR?Dogs are welcome, but must be kept on leash, except for authorized hunting activities under the immediate control of a licensed hunter. Dogs are prohibited while hunting big game (black-tailed deer and feral pigs).
Can I camp on the Sacramento River NWR?Camping is allowed only on gravel bars (below mean high-water mark) for up to 7 days during a 30 day period.  Camping is prohibited on other refuge lands.  Fires are prohibited except for portable gas stove on gravel bars.

Safety Tips:

Be Safe!
- Exercise caution when pursuing downed and crippled waterfowl.
- Be aware of the locations of nearby hunters when shooting at crippled birds, especially across large areas of open water.
- Firearms must be unloaded while in the parking area and while being transported between parking areas, spaced hunting areas, and assigned ponds.
- Irregularities in pond bottoms can make wading hazardous.
- While walking trails/levees use a flashlight to avoid tripping over hazards.
- Mountain lions and rattlesnakes inhabit the Sacramento Valley and are frequently seen on the Sacramento River NWR Units and occasionally on the west-side refuges.
- Be a good sportsperson and respect the rights of other hunters afield. When entering or leaving the field, try to avoid flaring birds which are working another hunter's setup.

Our wildlife is a valuable resource. Laws and regulations are intended to protect them, while allowing for some consumptive use. Hunters are encouraged to report any violations they may encounter to a state or federal employee (see below).

While driving:

1. Use caution and slow down so you have time to read the small road signs and to make safe turns.
2. Plan for additional driving time when there is foggy or rainy weather.
3. Before you begin driving, review driving directions, location maps, and GPS coordinates! Visit the Maps and Directions page for more information.

Report Accidents, Violations, and Incidents

Incidents involving injury or accident occurring on the refuge must be reported immediately to the check station (in person) or call the refuge headquarters. 
  1. Call the visitor center phone number (open during regular business hours 8 a.m. - 4 p.m.) (530)934-2801
  2. Call to report any wildlife violations to CalTip 1-888-334-CalTip (1-888-334-2258) (leave message and an operator checks it frequently)
  3. Text "847411" and write "CALTIP [your message]" to submit anonymous tips to state wildlife officers 
  4. Call to report federal wildlife crimes 1-844-FWS-TIPS (1-844-397-8477)
     

CALTIP - Californians Turn in Poachers and Polluters - Learn more 

Report violations on the refuge headquarters by calling (530) 934-2801 or in person to the staff at the check station. Report violations off refuge lands to CDFW at 1-888-DFG-CALTIP (1-888-334-2258).

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INFORMATION FOR DOG OWNERS

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Canine Pythiosis

The following information and more can be viewed at: http://pythiosis.com/

Canine Pythiosis Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
What is Canine Pythiosis?
  • A relatively new pathogen, Pythium insidiosum, has rarely been documented in the California Central Valley over the last 10 years.
  • It is a parasitic oomycete, commonly called water mould, and is common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is more common in the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast areas, but can rarely be found in cooler and drier areas of the U.S. as well. The zoospores are thought to be hosted by aquatic plants such as water lilies, submerged grasses and rice.
  • Infection is contracted by exposure of open wounds or by ingestion.
  • Because it is so uncommon, many veterinarians are unaware of it, and thus have difficulty in making an early diagnosis.
What are symptoms of Canine Pythiosis?
  • Vomiting diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, weight loss, occasional fever, abdominal mass, and enlarged lymph nodes. Vomitus that looks like coffee grounds, and bloody diarrhea indicate gastric bleeding.
  • Skin lesions may occur if open wounds have been exposed, and are characterized by swollen, non-healing wounds with pus-filled nodules and draining sinus tracts that often enlarge rapidly.
What is the treatment for Canine Pythiosis?
  • Early diagnosis is important, since P. insidiosum lesions progress rapidly. Diagnosis is made by use of biopsies, blood tests and abdominal radiographs.
  • Even with treatment, pythiosis is commonly fatal. But early diagnosis increases the chances that treatment will be effective. Treatments may include surgery, anti-fungal drugs and immunotherapeutic drugs.

Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Blooms

Information from the NY State Department of Environmental Conservation and California Department of Public Health. This and further information can be viewed at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/77118.html 

Blue-Green Algae Bloom Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
What are blue-green algae blooms?
  • Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are microscopic bacteria that occur naturally in lakes and streams.
  • Blooms are likely to occur more often in warmer months when conditions are optimal (warm temperatures, elevated nutrient levels, and lack of water flow).
  • A blue-green algae bloom can be hard to distinguish from other types of algae. While it's often described as looking like pea soup or spilled green paint, it can take other forms as well (turquoise or green tint, thick or thin viscosity, may get blown into a “mat”)
  • View photo gallery at https://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/81962.html
What’s the concern about blue-green algae blooms?
  • While most blue-green algae blooms are not harmful, some blooms can produce toxins that pose risks to humans, pets, livestock and wildlife.
  • It is not possible to determine the presence of toxins without testing. Thus all blooms should be considered potentially toxic.
  • Exposure may occur through ingestion, dermal contact, or aspiration/inhalation. Ingestion of just a few mouthfuls of severely contaminated water may result in poisoning. After leaving the water, dogs can also be poisoned by grooming their fur and paws.
What are the symptoms of toxic blue-green algae exposure?
  • Symptoms of poisoning depend on the cyanobacterium/toxin involved:
  • Ingestion of Microcystins can result in liver damage/failure. Symptoms include: vomiting, diarrhea, blood in stool or black/tarry stool, weakness, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, seizures, and disorientation. Death often occurs within 12-24 hours of exposure.
  • Ingestion of Anatoxins result in neurotoxicity. Symptoms include: excessive salivation, muscle tremors, muscle rigidity, seizures, paralysis, blue discoloration of skin and mucous membranes, and difficulty breathing. Symptom onset is rapid (30-60 minutes), and death from respiratory paralysis can quickly follow the onset of symptoms.
  • Symptoms of skin contact include dermatitis (irritated, red skin or hives).
What is the treatment for toxic blue-green algae exposure?
  • Treatment is limited and often unsuccessful due to the rapid onset of symptoms. Immediate, aggressive veterinary treatment may be helpful. Treatments may include anti-seizure medication, intravenous fluids and oxygen.
What should I do to protect my dog?
  • Keep pets out of water with blue-green algae blooms. Wash your pet if they have been exposed.
  • If your dog exhibits the above symptoms, seek immediate care.
Where have blooms occurred in California (as of 2013)?
  • Blue-green algal blooms have been reported for a number of water bodies, including: Klamath River (Siskiyou County), Big Lagoon and Eel River, (Humboldt County), Clear Lake (Lake County), Lake Isabella (Kern County), Crowley Lake (Mono County), Lake Elsinore (Riverside County), San Francisco Bay Delta & Stockton Channel (San Joaquin County), Pinto Lake (Santa Cruz County), Sacramento River (Sacramento County), Russian River (Sonoma County).

Leptospirosis (Weil’s Disease)

Information from the County of Los Angeles Public Health-Veterinary Public Health. This and further information can be found at: http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/vet/Leptospirosis.htm

Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) Questions and Answers
QuestionAnswer
What is Leptospirosis?
  • Leptospirosis is a disease caused by the bacteria Leptospira interrogans.
  • It can infect humans, dogs, livestock, and many other animals.
  • Infection occurs by direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal through the eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin. Exposure to water or mud contaminated with infected urine can spread the disease.
  • Because infection can be transmitted through contact with urine, a person caring for a dog with Leptospirosis should wear gloves, especially when cleaning up urine.
What are symptoms of Leptospirosis?
  • Symptoms in dogs include: fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, lack of appetite, lethargy, stiffness, muscle pain.
  • Symptoms in humans include: high fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rash. 
  • Left untreated, Leptospirosis can eventually lead to kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress or death.
What is the treatment for Leptospirosis?
  • Veterinarians can perform tests to confirm Leptospirosis. Antibiotic treatments are often highly successful, especially if diagnosed early
What should I do to protect my dog? 
  • Consider vaccinating your dog for Leptospirosis
  • Local data suggest that a variety of Leptospira serotypes (strains) of bacteria may have caused illness in dogs.
  • The 4-way vaccines (protecting against 4 strains of the bacteria) are a better choice for protection than the 2-way vaccines.
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SACRAMENTO NWR COMPLEX HUNT PLAN

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Management of the hunt program is outlined in the Sacramento NWR Complex's Hunt Plan. This document outlines how the refuges will provide safe, quality hunting opportunities while minimizing conflicts with other priority wildlife-dependent recreational uses. When found to be compatible at a refuge, the USFWS considers hunting to be one of the six priority wildlife-dependent recreational uses (the other 5 priority uses include fishing, wildlife observation, photography, environmental education, and interpretation). The Hunt Plan and a Compatibility Determination can be found in the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (Appendices B and C), and determined hunting to be a compatible use at Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa and Sutter NWRs. The Complex's hunting objective is to implement a safe and high quality hunting program including opportunities for approximately 22,000 annual hunting visits on over 8,525 acres.

The Sacramento NWR Complex manages our lands, habitats and facilities, and California Department of Fish and Wildlife selects and processes the hunters and operates the hunter check stations. The hunt areas are physically separated from non-hunted lands and are open to migratory bird and upland game bird hunting during the appropriate seasons. These hunt program parameters help minimize conflicts with visitors engaged in other recreational activities. The Complex adopts harvest regulations set by the state, which uses concepts of density-dependent compensatory mortality and adaptive harvest management to ensure sustained game species populations.

A Refuge Hunting Program Working Group was established in 1991 to exchange ideas and information with the public regarding the Complex's hunting program. A Disabled Hunter Working Group also supports the hunt program by providing feedback, ideas, and information about the mobility impaired blinds.

An annual Brush Up Day occurs every year in September to allow the public assist in cleaning up the Sacramento and Delevan NWRs. Volunteers are an essential part of the refuge and this day gets a lot of work completed! Contact the refuge for more information or see above under "news" if the event is coming up.

Comments about the hunt program can be submitted via the comment boxes posted on the hunter check stations, via phone (530-934-2801), or via email sacramentovalleyrefuges@fws.gov 

Hunt program volunteers are needed! Contact us if you are interested to see how you can assist: 530-934-2801 or sacramentovalleyrefuges@fws.gov 

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OTHER RESOURCES

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  • Sac NWR Complex - New to hunting on the Complex? Watch this video for new hunters (link to Facebook)
  • CDFW's Waterfowl Hunting Regulation Booklet (2023-24)
  • CDFW's Public Hunting Areas - for info about other hunting areas  
  • LEAD SLUGS - as of July 1, 2015, LEAD SLUGS are no longer permitted on the Sacramento River NWR Units or state Wildlife Areas for big game. For more information about Non-lead Ammunition in California, visit the CDFW's website (look under Frequently-Asked Questions).

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