FWS Focus

Overview

Characteristics
Overview

Northern wild monkshood is a federally threatened plant listed in 1978 and found in three disjunct populations: one bordering southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, a second in northeast Ohio, and a third residing in the Catskill Mountains of New York. A member of the buttercup family, the species can be found on shaded to partially shaded cliffs, algific talus slopes, or on cool, streamside sites.

Threats to northern monkshood are predominately related to habitat loss or degradation. Possible threats include: contamination and filling of sinkholes, grazing and trampling by livestock and deer, human foot traffic, logging, maintenance of highways and powerlines, misapplication of pesticides, quarrying and road building. Other threats include climate change climate change
Climate change includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Though there have been previous periods of climatic change, since the mid-20th century humans have had an unprecedented impact on Earth's climate system and caused change on a global scale.

Learn more about climate change
, and some populations are threatened by collection.

What is being done to prevent extinction of the northern monkshood?

โ€ข Recovery plan - The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a recovery plan in 1983 that describes actions needed to help the plant survive and recover.

โ€ข Research - Many northern monkshood populations are being monitored to determine long-term population trends. Genetic studies are being conducted so population differences can be better understood.

โ€ข Habitat protection - A variety of government and private conservation agencies are all working to preserve the northern monkshood and its habitat. Voluntary protection agreements have also been made with some private landowners.

Scientific Name

Aconitum noveboracense
Common Name
northern wild monkshood
northern blue monkshood
FWS Category
Flowering Plants
Kingdom

Location in Taxonomic Tree

Identification Numbers

TSN:

Characteristics

Characteristic category

Similar Species

Characteristics
Similar Species
Characteristic category

Habitat

Characteristics
Habitat

Northern monkshood is typically found on shaded to partially shaded cliffs, algific talus slopes, or on cool, streamside sites. These areas have cool soil conditions, cold air drainage or cold groundwater flowage. On algific talus slopes, these conditions are caused by the outflow of cool air and water from ice contained in underground fissures. These fissures are connected to sinkholes and are a conduit for the air flows.

Characteristic category

Physical Characteristics

Characteristics
Size & Shape

Northern wild monkshood flowers are about 1 inch in length, and a single stem may have many flowers. Stems range from about 1 to 4 feet in length. The leaves are broad with coarse, toothed lobes.

Color & Pattern

Northern monkshood is noted for its very distinctive, blue hood-shaped flowers.

Characteristic category

Life Cycle

Characteristics
Reproduction

Northern monkshood is a perennial and reproduces from both seed and small tubers. The flowers bloom between June and September, depending on location within the range, and are pollinated when bumblebees pry open the blossom to collect nectar and pollen.

Geography

Characteristics
Range

Northern monkshood has only been found in northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin, northeastern Ohio and the Catskill Mountains area of New York.

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Timeline

Explore the information available for this taxon's timeline. You can select an event on the timeline to view more information, or cycle through the content available in the carousel below.

4 Items

Listing

Listing

Five Year Review

Five Year Review

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Listing

Jun 16, 1976

Jun 16, 1976 Listing (Threatened)
Proposed Endangered Status for 1700 U.S. Plants; 41 FR 24523 24572
  • Publication type: Proposed
Item 1

Listing

Apr 26, 1978

Apr 26, 1978 Listing (Threatened)
Final Determination that Eleven Plant Taxa are Endangered and Two Plant Taxa are Threatened Species
  • Publication type: Final
Item 2

Five Year Review

Apr 22, 2008

Apr 22, 2008 Five Year Review (Information Solicitation)
Notice of initiation of review; request for information on seven listed midwestern species
  • Publication type: Notice
Item 3

Five Year Review

Aug 31, 2020

Aug 31, 2020 Five Year Review (Information Solicitation)
Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews of 14 Listed Animal and Plant Species
  • Publication type: Notice
Item 4