Celebrating the fall migration
Mid-October through mid-November is an amazing time to see water birds on the Upper Mississippi River! As staff and volunteers share estimates of bird counts on the river, we'll update this page to share the news.
When do the birds arrive?
Dabbling ducks and American white pelicans arrive first in late summer and early fall. Diving ducks usually start getting here in mid-to-late October. Tundra swans typically show up in late October or early November. The weather greatly influences when the birds arrive, how long they will stay, and how concentrated they are on the river. Cold temperatures north of the refuge push birds to move south and arrive here on the river. If it's a warm fall, we'll likely see a slower migration. Many birds will stay until it gets cold enough for the Mississippi River to freeze over. When the Mississippi River freezes quickly, we see birds more concentrated in areas where there is still open water. When it freezes more slowly, we still see large numbers of birds, but they may be more spread out over open water. The peak of the tundra swan migration is typically the second or third week of November.
Why do they come here?
The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge lies within the Mississippi Flyway, which is like a superhighway in the sky for birds! As one of the largest bodies of water in the Midwest, the Mississippi River takes longer to freeze than smaller rivers or ponds. It is also easy for birds to see from high above! The refuge offers high quality food sources for wildlife and shelter from the elements.
Recent bird sightings
There are many excellent places to see birds along the river! The following locations are some of the most popular walk-in or drive-in locations where refuge staff and volunteers are regularly able to visit to estimate bird numbers. Things are starting to freeze over but there are still a few places you can see birds. These sites are visible on the refuge Pool Maps. NOTE: These sites are not all updated on the same dates so some are more current then others.
Waterfowl are starting to arrive in numbers! Please feel free to share your sightings with us as well. You can email your sightings to us at uppermississippiriver@fws.gov.
Pool 5 - Weaver Bottoms
The best place to see swans in the Weaver Bottoms area is from 116th Avenue/service road adjacent to MN Highway 61 near St. Mary's Cemetery. This location is about 17 miles north of Winona, MN.
Updated 10/30/2024
About 2,000 ducks close in, including lots of mallard, American wigeon and gadwall, and ring-necked ducks. A few northern pintail, wood duck, and northern shoveler, hooded merganser.
200 Swans
5 bald eagles
Farther out in the open water there are probably 20,000 diving ducks in the area, some may be visible from this viewing location with a spotting scope.
Lake Onalaska Overlook
The Lake Onalaska Overlook is located at W7687 County Road ZB, Onalaska, WI, 54650. There's a small parking lot across the street from the overlook, or it's about a half mile walk from the La Crosse District Visitor Center. The Visitor Center has a large parking lot suitable for bus parking.
Updated 11/5/24
Puddle ducks: ~1,000: some gadwall, American wigeon, northern pintail and mallards
Divers: 10,000+ Mostly canvasback and ring-necked ducks
Unfortunately the ducks were all further out on the river and can best be seen with a spotting scope.
There were some cool songbirds still enjoying the overlook! American tree sparrows, American goldfinches, cedar waxwings, mourning doves, house finches and black-capped chickadees.
Pool 8 - various locations on Lower Pool 8
There are several safe places to pull off of Hwy 35 in WI to see the vast number of divers that use Lower Pool 8, with several of them spaced periodically on the west (southbound) side of the highway. On the east side of the highway, Bergen Bluffs scenic overlook provides a somewhat elevated view of the lower pool while Old Settler's Overlook provides a view from the top of the bluff. Sometimes the birds are close to the shore but oftentimes binoculars or a spotting scope are needed to view them when they're not close to the shore, especially when viewing from Old Settlers Overlook.
On 10/28/2024, 20,000-30,000 divers, primarily canvasbacks but also lesser scaup, ring-necked ducks, and American coots, were seen on the lower pool. About 7,000 dabbling ducks were also seen, mostly northern pintail, gadwall and wigeon. 10 tundra swans have been spotted!
Pool 8 - Brownsville Overlook
The Brownsville Overlook is located about three miles south of Brownsville, MN off of MN Hwy 26. There are two spotting scopes available at this overlook. Binoculars are helpful, but birds can usually be viewed from the overlook deck even if you don't have a pair.
11/09/24, 9:00 a.m.
Swans: 350 swans right in front of the overlook, 300 further north. At least one family group of trumpeter swans mixed in with the tundra swans.
Pelicans: 35-40 American white pelicans north of the overlook, 5-10 in front of overlook
Dabbling ducks: 400-500 dabbling ducks, mostly mallards and gadwall with some American wigeon, northern pintail, and wood ducks, 5 green-winged teal and a few northern shoveler
Diving ducks: 40-50 diving ducks including mostly lesser scaup and ring-necked ducks with some hooded mergansers and a ruddy duck!
Bald eagles: 2
Other highlights:
1 pied-billed grebe
40-60 Canada geese
10 American coot
Several double-crested cormorants hanging out with American white pelicans north of the overlook
There were thousands of ducks in the open water beyond the islands, including diving and dabbling ducks.
Pool 8 - Hwy 26 Overlook
The Hwy 26 Overlook is located about 3.5 miles south of Brownsville, MN off of MN Hwy 26. Binoculars are helpful but birds can often be seen from the deck without them.
Updated 10/31/2024
Divers: 100-200 ring-necked ducks
Dabblers: 500-1,500 gadwall, northern pintail, mallard, American wigeon, green-winged teal, wood duck
Canada geese: 50-150
Swans: 30-60
American pelicans: 30-60
Pool 8 - Shady Maple Overlook
Updated 11/09/24
The Shady Maple Overlook is located a few miles south of La Crosse on Hwy 35, just south of Goose Island Park.
Puddle ducks - ~2,000 gadwall, northern pintail, American wigeon, mallard, wood duck, green-winged teal (mostly northern pintails)
American white pelicans - 10-20
Swans: 40 tundra swans
Other highlights:
- 100 Canada geese
3 double-crested cormorants
Pool 8 - Reno Bottoms Canoe Access
The Reno Bottoms Canoe Access is located off HWY 26, just east of Reno, Minnesota. This canoe access is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and has a small gravel parking lot. Please be cautious crossing the railroad tracks. Visitors can walk out on a narrow dike/spillway that stretches several miles across the river. Please note that in high water conditions, water flows over the spillway and it's not safe to cross. We count birds close to first hundred yards of the spillway that visitors will be able to see with binoculars, but huge rafts of diving ducks are visible if you take a walk further down the spillway.
Updated 10/28/24
20,000-30,000 divers, primarily canvasbacks but also lesser scaup, ring-necked ducks, and American coots, were seen on the lower pool
Pool 8 Crosby Slough Area
Not Updated
Lower Pool 9 - Various Locations
There are several safe viewing locations where Hwy 35 runs along the Wisconsin side of Lower Pool 9. One is called the Leitner Creek Overlook on Google Maps and it is directly across from Leitner Hollow Road, a little less than ½ mile north of the entrance road to the lock and dam. Another location, a little more than ½ mile upstream from the Leitner Creek Overlook, is a highway wayside area with a historical marker about log and lumber rafting on the Mississippi River during the 1800s and early 1900s. Finally, Depot Road is a short, elevated road above the Lynxville boat launch. It has ample pull-off space and is mostly travelled by vehicles pulling boat trailers and sometimes railroad crews. All of these areas provide opportunities to safely park and get out of your vehicle to view the massive flocks of diving ducks using Lower Pool 9 during migration. Sometimes binoculars are sufficient to scan the tens of thousands of ducks in the open impounded area of the pool, other times a spotting scope is the best equipment to use.
Pool 9 - Red Oak Road
Birds can be seen from Red Oak Road, approximately 2.5 miles north of Harpers Ferry, Iowa in Allamakee County. To get there, follow X-52/Great River Road north from Harpers Ferry. Turn right, as X-52 curves left, onto Red Oak Road. Follow the narrow Red Oak Road upriver about 1.5 miles, and look for a cove where the swans gather.
Updated 10/31/2024
~6000 Canvasback (some near the islands and some far out in the open water)
~200 bufflehead
2,200 dabblers (Gadwall, Mallard, N. Shoveler, Pintail, GW teal, Black duck, 1 Mallard x BD hybrid)
6 Tundra Swans
1 Canada Goose, 1 Greater White-fronted goose
~5,000 coot
Pool 13 - Spring Lake public use site
Not Updated
This public use site can be accessed by starting at the intersection of Hwy 52 and Hwy 84 in Savanna, IL, then travelling south on Hwy 84 for about 3 miles. Note that this site is about 1 mile south of the Frog Pond public use site. Both the Spring Lake site and Frog Pond site are on the west side of Hwy 84. If travelling north on Hwy 84, it is about 5 miles north of Thomson, IL, and about 1 mile north of Airport Road.
Right at the Spring Lake parking lot there is a set of permanently mounted spotting scopes looking over Lower Spring Lake, as well as a dike separating Lower Spring Lake to the south and Upper Spring Lake to the North. Both areas have a lot of emergent aquatic vegetation that obscures the views of a lot of waterbirds that are using these areas. In spite of that, a lot of waterbirds are visible in areas of open water. Also, there is an elevated wildlife observation deck located a little less than ½ mile north of the Spring Lake parking lot. It can be accessed by walking north on the public use trail located on top of a dike serving as the eastern boundary of Upper Spring Lake.
Pool 13 - Ingersoll Wetlands Learning Center wildlife observation site
Not Updated
This site is right across the road from the refuge's Savanna District office, which also house the refuge's Ingersoll Wetlands Learning Center at 6870 Riverview Rd, Thomson, IL 61285.
Lower Pool 13 - Potters Marsh
Not Updated
Potters Marsh and Lower Pool 13 are good viewing sites accessed by driving south on Hwy 84 from Thomsen, IL, then turning right (west) on Lock Road. Lock Road runs along the south side of Potters Marsh and terminates at a boat landing and elevated parking lot overlooking lower Pool 13.
Voluntary Waterfowl Avoidance Areas
There are few places quite like the refuge to experience the fall migration! Boaters enjoying the river can help keep this a great place for people and wildlife by watching out for special Voluntary Waterfowl Avoidance Areas during the peak of the migration. From October 15 through mid-November, all boaters are asked to avoid these "refuges within the refuge" to give waterfowl a place to rest without being startled off the water. Voluntary Waterfowl Avoidance Areas are marked with either orange-and-white buoys on the water or orange-and-blue Special Regulation Signs posted along area boundaries. These locations are also shown on the refuge Pool Maps. Making this change for about a month of our lives can make a big difference for theirs! Thanks for being part of our conservation community and for playing a role in their survival!
