The Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans, is one of many genus Eurycea species found in a center for salamander diversity in The Edwards Plateau of Texas. These species are closely tied to groundwater-dependent ecosystems of the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer system that underlays the plateau. Central Texas Euryce are entirely aquatic, retain some juvenile features like external gills and are closely tied to surface springs habitats, as well as subterranean groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Study of the genus has a long history in Texas, dating back to the late 19th century. Like the other central Texas Eurycea species, the range of the Cascade Caverns salamander has been subject of much debate and underwent significant revisions historically. The Cascade Caverns salamander was originally only known from Kendall County, but geneticists have found the species distribution is closely associated with, and possibly overlaps, the Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes, in Bexar, Kendall and Comal counties. Complicating the ranges of both species is the existence of at least one population that evidences gene flow between the Cascade Caverns and Texas salamanders in the Cibolo Creek watershed. In 2020, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Texas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, in collaboration with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, began a sampling effort for tissues for use in genetic analyses to more accurately define the species distribution.

Like most other Eurycea species of central Texas, Cascade Caverns salamander populations require access to surface and subsurface aquatic habitats year-round to persist as they use both habitats. We also assume that a significant portion of the population resides in subterranean voids, particularly during periods of drought. Water quality and water quantity must be adequate to support survival and persistence of the Cascade Caverns salamanders. Threats to the persistence of this species include urban sprawl and associated development, as well as land use conversion and impervious surfaces on the landscape. Drought and water demands in central Texas also pose a threat to this species, as well as water quality degradation from contaminants and pollutants.